The American Revolution (1775-1783)

Causes, key events, major figures, and outcomes of the war for independence

Causes of Revolution

Taxation without representation in British Parliament

Stamp Act imposed taxes on printed materials

Boston Tea Party protested tea taxes (1773)

Growing resentment over British control

Colonial desire for self-governance

Declaration of Independence 1776

The Declaration of Independence, adopted on July 4, 1776, formally announced the thirteen colonies' break from British rule and established the philosophical foundation for the new nation.

Proclaimed fundamental rights to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness

Listed grievances against King George III

Declared the colonies as free and independent states

Inspired democratic movements worldwide

Key Battles

Lexington and Concord (1775) - 'Shot heard round the world'

Saratoga (1777) - Decisive victory securing French alliance

Yorktown (1781) - Final major battle leading to British surrender

Valley Forge (1777-78) - Winter encampment that tested resolve

Bunker Hill (1775) - Early demonstration of colonial determination

Key Figures

George Washington - Commander-in-Chief of Continental Army

Thomas Jefferson - Primary author of Declaration of Independence

Benjamin Franklin - Diplomat who secured French alliance

John Adams - Political leader and diplomat

Marquis de Lafayette - French volunteer general

Outcomes and Legacy

Treaty of Paris (1783) officially ended the war

British recognition of American independence

Birth of the United States as a sovereign nation

Establishment of democratic principles and constitution

Inspiration for future independence movements globally

The American Revolution transformed thirteen colonies into a unified nation, establishing precedents for democratic governance that continue to influence the world today.